| Radiation occurs into ambient from one side of the shell surface.
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Surface to ambient
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| Radiation occurs into ambient from both sides of the shell. This is possible only if the selected face does not see other surfaces.
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Surface to surface and Open system is selected
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There is no radiation to another surface in this case even though you have selected Surface to surface radiation.
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| Open system: Radiation occurs from both sides of shell to other surfaces and to ambient.
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Surface to surface and Open system is selected
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The blue colored surface is the top side of shell. Shells 1 and 3 cannot see each other.
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Shell 1
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Top side of surface radiates only to ambient. View factor computed for bottom side radiates to shell 2. The remaining radiates to ambient.
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Shell 2
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View factor of top side radiates to shell 1. The remaining radiates to ambient. View factor of bottom side radiates to shell 3. The remaining radiates to ambient.
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Shell 3
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View factor of top side radiates to shell 2. The remaining radiates to ambient. Bottom side of surface radiates only to ambient.
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| Closed system: Radiation occurs from both sides only to other surfaces. There is no radiation to ambient in this case.
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Surface to surface
Open system is cleared
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Shell 2
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Top and bottom sides of shell radiate to other shells
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Shells 1 and 3
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Only one side of shells 1 and 3 radiate to shell 2.
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For Surface to ambient radiation, only one side of shell radiates. When you define Surface to surface shell radiation with the Open system option active, radiation into ambient will be considered for both sides of shell. If shells are not visible to other shells in radiation set, view factors computed to ambient shall be 1.
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